怎么区分过去式 现在完成时 过去完成时
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:现在完成时强调这一动作与现在 的关系,如对现在产生的结果,影响等,而一般过去时则只表示过去的事实,不表示和现在的关系。所以,表示过去固定时间的状语只能与一般过去时连用,而不能与现在完成时连用。 例:Have you ever been to the Forbidden City before? 你以前去过故宫吗?Yes,I have。是的,我去过.when did you go there?你什么时候去的?Last week(I went there)。 上星期(我去的).又如:I've just seen a horrible accident。我刚刚看...全部
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:现在完成时强调这一动作与现在 的关系,如对现在产生的结果,影响等,而一般过去时则只表示过去的事实,不表示和现在的关系。所以,表示过去固定时间的状语只能与一般过去时连用,而不能与现在完成时连用。
例:Have you ever been to the Forbidden City before? 你以前去过故宫吗?Yes,I have。是的,我去过.when did you go there?你什么时候去的?Last week(I went there)。
上星期(我去的).又如:I've just seen a horrible accident。我刚刚看见了一件可怕的事故.Oh,what happened?噢,怎么了?A truck ran into a cyclist。
一辆卡车撞了一个骑自行车的人.过去完成时 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。 它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。 具体如下: 过去完成时的基本用法 (1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”。
可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。例如: By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship。
到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。 (2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。例如: I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came。
当车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。 He said he had worked in that factory since 1949。他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 (3)叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时。
例如: Mr。 Smith died yesterday。 He had been a good friend of mine。史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson。
我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课。 (4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如: I returned the book that I had borrowed。
我已归还了我借的书。 She found the key that she had lost。她丢失的钥匙找到了。 (5)过去完成时常常用在宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
例如: He said that he had known her well。他说他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before。 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。
(6)在包含有when, until等连词的复合句中,如果主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词所表示的过去动作不是同时发生的,那么先发生的动作通常用过去完成时表示。例如: When I woke up, it had already stopped raining。
我醒来时雨已停了。 She didn’t go to bed until she had finished he work。她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。 注意:如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时,特别是在包含before和after的复合句中,因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
例如: After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English。马克思到达英格兰之后,努力提高他的英语水平。 (7)动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法,希望,打算或意图等。
例如: They had wanted to help but could not get there in time。他们本来打算去帮忙,但没有及时赶到那里。 We had hoped to be able to come and see you 。
我们本来希望能来看看你。 (8)过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (second, etc) time (that)…等固定句型中。
例如: Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted him。他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他。 No sooner had he arrived than he went away again。
他刚到就又走了。 It was the third time that he had been out of work that year。这是他那一年第三次失业了 现在完成时是英文时态的一种现在完成时的用法 have(has) 过去分词(done) 1。
现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生活或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。 I have lost my wallet。(含义是:现在我没有钱花了。
) Jane has laid the table。(含义是:已可以吃饭了。) Michael has been ill。(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad。
(含义是:现在已在此地) 2。 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for,since连用。 Mary has been ill for three days。
I have lived here since 1998。 3。 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等: He has already obtained a scholarship。
I haven't seen much of him recently (lately)。 We have seen that film before。 Have they found the missing child yet 4。
现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等: Have you ever been to Beijing I have never heard Bunny say anything against her。
I have used this pen only three times。 It is still good。 George has met that gentleman on several occasions。
5。 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等: Peter has written six papers so far。
Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom。 There has bee too much rain in San Francisco this year。
The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years。
Up to the present everything has been successful。 6。 现在完成时表示现在之前业已完成的动作,虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续,但是有一些现在完成时的句子,在后面加上for 一段时间,则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性。
Thomas has studied Russian。 (现在不再学俄语) Thomas has studied Russian for three years。 (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now。
(同第2点用法第一个例句) 7。 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作。 We have had four texts this semester。 =================== 。
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