保留君主立宪制的原因？英文翻译的？
Monarchy, the highest power in the hands of the sovereign actually or nominally private hands, monarchs and the implementation of the lifelong tenure of hereditary form of political organization。 Monarchy by the monarch, including the king, emperor, emperor, Sudan head of state to play。 Monarch ...全部
Monarchy, the highest power in the hands of the sovereign actually or nominally private hands, monarchs and the implementation of the lifelong tenure of hereditary form of political organization。
Monarchy by the monarch, including the king, emperor, emperor, Sudan head of state to play。 Monarch has supreme power, the sovereign will is the law, without any constraint。
Monarch for life-long, and is hereditary。 This kind of political system for more than 45 years of history。
Ancient slavery system and feudal country, and more authoritarian system to implement this。 Now a dozen monarchy in the world in countries such as Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Morocco, Africa, Asia, Nepal (May 2008 declared the Federal Democratic Republic of), Brunei。
Europe or the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Sweden, though, it has evolved into a constitutional monarchy。
Our modern monarchy (absolute monarchy system) countries: Brunei Darussalam, Kingdom of Bhutan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, Sultanate of Oman, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, the Kingdom of Morocco, Kingdom of Swaziland, the Kingdom of Lesotho, Vatican City State , Malta, the Kingdom of Tonga。
[Edit this section] monarchy (monarchy) to monarch (king, Khan, King, Duke, the Sudan and the tsar, etc。
) as head of state's system of government forms。 Republic of symmetry。 In monarchy, the monarch is generally hereditary, appointed for life。
The monarchy is the oldest in human history, the most common form of government forms。 It is not only in slavery and feudal country's main political organization, has also been adopted by a small number of capitalist countries。
The specific form of monarchy is not uniform, nor is it immutable。 According to the size of the sovereign power, the monarchy can be divided into an unlimited monarchy and limited monarchy。
Typical of unlimited monarchy absolute monarchy system。 Limited monarchy including the level of the monarchy and constitutional monarchy。
Generally exercised absolute monarchy system of slavery, such as ancient Egypt, Babylon, China's Xia and Shang and Western Zhou。
Feudal Monarchy system is the most important form of political organization。 Feudal society in Europe, many countries by the aristocratic monarchy absolute monarchy system is changed by the level of the monarchy came。
In the capitalist period, the monarchy is a feudal aristocracy and the bourgeois compromise, mainly in the form of constitutional monarchy, the specific binary system is divided into a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary constitutional monarchy。
The decline of the monarchy in modern growing。 Implementation of the system of absolute monarchy monarchy form of authoritarian regimes。
Main features are: the sovereign has unlimited power, his will is the law of the country, people must obey。
Monarchs rely on bureaucratic military organization, maintain its authoritarian rule, cruel exploitation of people and oppression。
China is implementing one of the oldest monarchy。 Summer from BC in the 21st century countries on behalf of slavery until the 1911 revolution overthrew the Qing Dynasty in 4000 years, basically to implement the system of absolute monarchy。
[Edit this section] hierarchy of feudal monarchy in Western Europe with grade sovereign country representative form of government rule the form of feudal separatist regime in the transition to the centralized feudal form。
Produced in medieval Europe。 At that time there have been major changes in the socio-economic, commercial and handicraft feudal separatism become obstacles to development, new public class has become an important political force, an urgent need to change the situation of feudal separatism, will be national unity under the authority of the monarch。
The main features of the monarchy rating: established under the King convened by the King, there is nobility, clergy and representatives of the public to participate in the level of representatives。
Level representatives of the legislative advisory body to the monarch, is the monarchy, aristocracy, members of the public elements of the political alliance top form against the feudal separatism and strengthen the royal power tools。
Since the 13th century, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Britain and France have adopted a rating monarchy。
France is the typical level of the monarchy。 [Edit this section] constitutional monarchy, the bourgeois state to monarch (king, emperor) is the hereditary head of state, but the sovereign power under the Constitution and the parliamentary form of government with different degrees of restrictions form。
United Kingdom 1688 "Glorious Revolution", the establishment of the world's first constitutional monarchy。
Since then, the bourgeois forces weaker countries to implement an improved system of government in the United Kingdom。
But due to political and economic situation and the relationship of class forces, the bourgeoisie and the feudal landlord class in varying degrees of compromise, the status and powers of the monarch to retain are also different。
Another dual system of constitutional monarchy constitutional monarchy and parliamentary monarchy two specific forms。
① dual system of constitutional monarchy。 Called dual monarchy。 In this form of government form, state although in formulating the Constitution, the establishment of a parliament, but the feudal autocratic monarchy remains the authority of the times, set the legislative, executive, judicial and military power in one, is the center of power and the highest actual ruler。
Often the Imperial Constitution, is a reflection of the sovereign will of; Council is an advisory body to the sovereign, legislative power is the form of a monarch not only has the power to veto parliamentary legislation, but also through the control board members appointed or designated; cabinet is the sovereign exercise of executive power institutions, the Prime Minister appointed by the monarch。
Dual monarchy created in the late development of capitalism, the feudal landlord class has a tremendous influence long-term national, is the joint dictatorship of the bourgeoisie and landlord class as a form of rule more than the parliamentary monarchy with feudal autocratic monarchy color。
1871 ~ 1918 ~ 1889, the German Empire and the Japanese in 1945, is typical of the dual monarchy of the country。
20th century 80s, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Nepal, Morocco and other countries remain on the system。
② parliamentary constitutional monarchy。 Also known as parliamentary monarchy。 Parliament is the highest for the state legislature and supreme authority, not the sovereign system of government direct control of state power form。
In this form of government form, the Cabinet must be generated from the Council, usually the majority party in Parliament or party coalition Cabinet to Parliament, the monarch appointed only to perform the procedures。
Such as loss of confidence in the Cabinet Council, it must resign or dissolve parliament brought monarch, monarchs have routinely agreed。
Sovereign is the "figure head", according to the will of the Cabinet the power to exercise formal, ceremonial activities, the main representative countries。
But the monarch still retains a prominent position and the dignity of a symbol of national unity, national political system is still an integral part of。
After World War II, the implementation of the national system of government than the United Kingdom, there are Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Belgium, Sweden, Norway, Canada, Japan, Thailand and Malaysia。
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