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请问英语语法中的主语补语是什么意思?该如何判断呢?

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2007-04-19

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    主语补足语 出现主语补足语的场合大多数是在有不定式被动语态的场合,被动语态后面的补足语称作主语补足语。通常如果把带有宾语补足语的句子变成被动句,原来补充说明宾语的部分就变成补充说明主语了。
   一、被动语态的主语补足语与主动语态的宾语补足语是密切相关的。  例如: (1) I saw him playing basketball yesterday。
   (2) He was seen playing basketball yesterday。 句(1)中的含义不是我看见他,而是我看见他正在打篮球。  playing basketball是宾语him的补足语。
  所以叫宾语补足语。 句(2)中的含义也不是他被看,而是别人看见他正在打篮球。这里的playing basketball是主语he的补足语,故称作主语补足语。主语和主语补足语一起称作复合主语。
  所以含有主语补足语的句子一般是被动语态,谓语动词是可以接复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的及物动词。  句首的主语就是主语补足语的逻辑主语。 二、主语补足语形式种种 1。
   动词elect, call, name, make, find, leave等后面常接名词用作主语补足语。例如: ① The dog is called Karl。 ② Coal is sometimes called stored-up sunlight。
     ③ He was found the right man for the job。 2。 动词keep, make, paint, cut, burn, beat, wash, find, consider, wipe等后面常接形容词用作主语补足语。
    例如: ① The door was painted white。 ② The old man was found weak。 ③ The classroom is always kept clean every day。
   3。 动词see, watch, hear, feel, listen to, look at, imagine等后面接分词用作主语补足语。  例如: ① He is often heard reading English。
   ② The professor was seen making an experiment in the chemistry lab。 ③ The glass was found broken。
     ④ The classroom was found crowded with people。 4。感官动词see, watch, hear, notice, feel, make等后面接带to的不定式用作主语补足语。
  例如: ① He was seen to come upstairs。   ② Ice is known to be in a solid state。 ③ The spy was ordered to be hanged。
   5。 介词短语用作主语补足语。例如: ① The books in the study must be kept in good order。   ② He was found in good health。
   ③ English is considered of great importance for us。 后面接名词、形容词、分词等用作主语补足语。例如: ① English is taken as a useful means for research work。
     ② The news is considered as true。 ③ The stool is usually thought as having four legs ④ The vase is thought as broken。
   7。   由what引导的名词性从句用作主语补足语。例如: The boy has been made what he is。 三、 主语补足语的判别 1。
  看句中的动词是不是可接复合宾语,而且是不是被动语态,与此同时还要看其后部分的逻辑主语是不是句子的主语。   2。 另一种最简单的方法是:如果还不能看出来就可以把全句改成主动语态,加上一个主语we或people等。
  改成主动语态后,看后面是不是变成了“宾语+宾语补足语”了,这样我们就可以判别原句后面是不是主语补足语。例如: 被动句:She was found reading in the library。
     (主语补足语) 主动句:We found her reading in the library。 (宾语+宾语补足语) 。

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