关于墨西哥地理的介绍（英文）
====== Mexico ====== The United Mexican States is a federal constitutional republic in North America。 It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the North Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of M...全部
====== Mexico ====== The United Mexican States is a federal constitutional republic in North America。
It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the North Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico。
The United Mexican States is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a federal district, the capital Mexico City, whose metropolitan area is one of the world's most populous。
Covering almost 2 million square kilometers, Mexico is the fifth-largest country in the Americas by total area and the 14th largest in the world。
With an estimated population of 109 million, it is the 11th most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world。
The United Mexican States are a federation of thirty-one free and sovereign states which form a Union that exercises jurisdiction over the Federal District and other territories。
Each state has its own constitution and congress, as well as a judiciary, and its citizens elect by direct voting, a governor (gobernador) for a six-year term, as well as representatives (diputados locales) to their respective state congresses, for three-year terms。
The 31 states and the Federal District are collectively called "federal entities", and all are equally represented in the Congress of the Union。
Mexican states are also divided into municipalities (municipios), the smallest official political entity in the country, governed by a mayor or "municipal president" (presidente municipal), elected by its residents by plurality。
Municipalities can be further subdivided into non-autonomous boroughs or in semi-autonomous auxiliary presidencies。
Constitutionally, Mexico City, as the capital of the federation and seat of the powers of the Union, is the Federal District, a special political division in Mexico that belongs to the federation as a whole and not to a particular state, and as such, has more limited local rule than the nation's states。
Nonetheless, since 1987 it has progressively gained a greater degree of autonomy, and residents now elect a head of government (Jefe de Gobierno) and representatives of a Legislative Assembly directly。
Unlike the states, the Federal District does not have a constitution but a statute of government。
Mexico City is conterminous and coextensive with the Federal District。 Situated in southern North America at about 23° N and 102° W, Mexico comprises much of Middle America。
Physiographically, the lands east of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec including the Yucatán Peninsula (which together comprise around 12% of the country's area) lie within Central America; geologically, the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt delimits the region on the north。
Geopolitically, however, Mexico is commonly considered a North American country。 Mexico's total area is 1,972,550 km², making it the world's 14th largest country by total area, and includes approximately 6,000 km² of islands in the Pacific Ocean (including the remote Guadalupe Island and the Islas Revillagigedo), Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and Gulf of California。
On its north, Mexico shares a 3,141 km border with the United States。 The meandering Río Bravo del Norte (known as the Rio Grande in the United States) defines the border from Ciudad Juárez east to the Gulf of Mexico。
A series of natural and artificial markers delineate the United States-Mexican border west from Ciudad Juárez to the Pacific Ocean。
On its south, Mexico shares an 871 km border with Guatemala and a 251 km border with Belize。 Mexico is crossed from north to south by two mountain ranges known as Sierra Madre Oriental and Sierra Madre Occidental, which are the extension of the Rocky Mountains from northern North America。
From east to west at the center, the country is crossed by the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt also known as the Sierra Nevada。
A fourth mountain range, the Sierra Madre del Sur, runs from Michoacán to Oaxaca。 As such, the majority of the Mexican central and northern territories are located at high altitudes, and the highest elevations are found at the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt: Pico de Orizaba (5,700 m), Popocatépetl (5,462 m) and Iztaccíhuatl (5,286 m) and the Nevado de Toluca (4,577 m)。
Three major urban agglomerations are located in the valleys between these four elevations: Toluca, Greater Mexico City and Puebla。
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