IhaveanEnglishqu
第一步:认识独立主格结构,建立独立主格结构概念。
例1: His homework having been finished, he went home。 他的家庭作业完成后,他回家了。
析: His homework为名词作分词短语having been finished的逻辑主语,整个"名词+分词"结构,即His homework having been finished作时间状语,叫独立主格结构。
例2: His key having been lost, he couldn't enter the room。 他的钥匙丢了,他不能进入这个房间。
His key为名词作分词短...全部
第一步:认识独立主格结构,建立独立主格结构概念。
例1: His homework having been finished, he went home。 他的家庭作业完成后,他回家了。
析: His homework为名词作分词短语having been finished的逻辑主语,整个"名词+分词"结构,即His homework having been finished作时间状语,叫独立主格结构。
例2: His key having been lost, he couldn't enter the room。 他的钥匙丢了,他不能进入这个房间。
His key为名词作分词短语having been lost的逻辑主语,整个"名词+分词"结构,即 His key having been lost作原因状语,叫独立主格结构。
由上述两例可清楚看出,最初的独立主格结构就是带逻辑主语的分词结构,它的作用相当于状语。
第二步:认清独立主格结构的来源,理解独立主格结构的功能。
前面例1来源于时间状语从句:
His homework having been finished, he went home。
=When his homework had been finished, he went home。=When he had finished his homework, he went home。
上述句子还可转换成:=Having finished his homework, he went home。
前面例2来源于原因状语从句:
His key having been lost, he couldn't enter the room。
=Because his key had been lost, he couldn't enter the room。
=Because he had lost his key, he couldn't enter the room。
上述句子还可转换成:
=Having lost his key, he couldn't enter the room。
由上述句型转换可清楚地看出独立主格结构作状语和分词作状语一样来源于状语从句。
第三步:从逻辑主语的不同认识分词和独立主格结构作状语的区别。
He lay on his back, his teeth set, his right hand clenched on his breast and his glaring eyes looking straight upward。
他仰卧着,牙关紧咬,右拳紧紧握放在胸前,愤怒的眼睛向上逼视着。
析:该句三处划线部分均由"名词+分词"构成独立主格结构作伴随状语。在第一个独立主格结构中,set的逻辑主语为his teeth。
在第二个独立主格结构中,clenched的逻辑主语为his right hand。在第三个独立主格结构中,looking straight upward的逻辑主语为his glaring eyes。
该句可转换成:
He lay on his back, setting his teeth, clenching his right hand on his breast and looking straight upward with his glaring eyes。
析:原来的三个独立主格结构作状语变成了三个分词结构作状语,分词的逻辑主语都是主句的主语He。
结论:分词作状语和独立主格结构作状语的区别就在于逻辑主语的不同,分词的逻辑主语为主句的主语,独立主格结构的逻辑主语就是分词前边的名词或代词。
又如:
Liu Hulan stood there bravely, her head held high, glaring at the enemies。 刘胡兰站在那里,昂起头,怒视着敌人。
析:her head held high为独立主格结构作伴随状语,它的逻辑主语就是held前边的her head,glaring at the enemies为分词作伴随状语,它的逻辑主语为主句的主语Liu Hulan。
The baby fell from the cradle, blood coming down from his face, crying loudly。 婴儿从床上摔下来,血从脸上流下来,婴儿高声地哭着。
析:blood coming down from his face为独立主格结构作伴随状语,它的逻辑主语就是coming 前边的blood,crying loudly为分词作伴随状语,它的逻辑主语为主句的主语The baby。
第四步:全面掌握独立主格结构的功能。
请先将下列各组复合句、并列句改成简单句。
提醒:根据分词和独立主格结构作状语时逻辑主语的不同实际情况改写句子,当复合句或并列句的主语一致时,适合改成分词作状语,当复合句或并列句的主语不一致时,适合改成独立主格结构作状语。
1: He came in and he held a book in his hand。
He came in and a book was held in his hand。
析:根据并列句主语的不同情况该组句子可分别改成:
Holding a book in his hand, he came in。
A book held in his hand, he came in。
析:该组两个句子分别用分词和独立主格结构作伴随状语。
2: Because he had fallen ill, he couldn't come to teach us。
Because he had fallen ill, we had to teach ourselves。
析:根据复合句主从句主语的不同情况,该组句子可分别改成:
Having fallen ill, he couldn't come to teach us。
He having fallen ill, we had to teach ourselves。
析:该组两个句子分别用分词和独立主格结构作原因状语。
3: If I'm given enough time, I can also do it。
If enough time is given to me, I can also do it。
析:根据复合句主从句主语的不同情况,该组句子可分别改成:
Given enough time, I can also do it。
Enough time given to me, I can also do it。
析:该组两个句子分别用分词和独立主格结构作条件状语。
4: When he appeared, he came to us。
When he appeared, we ran away。
析:根据复合句主从句主语的不同情况,该组句子可分别改成:
Appearing, he came to us。
He appearing, we ran away。
析:该组两个句子分别用分词和独立主格结构作时间状语。
结论:独立主格结构和分词一样可作伴随状语、原因状语、条件状语和时间状语。
第五步:熟悉独立主格结构的不同类型,全面理解独立主格结构。
请先将下列各并列句、复合句改成简单句。
提醒:原句中含有is, am, are, was, were等be动词时,一律改成being,being后边为非名词时being可省。
1。 She ran in, and a dictionary was in her hand。
析:因为该并列句主语不同,所以适合于改成独立主格结构。
She ran in, a dictionary(being) in her hand。
析:该句如being不省,划线部分为分词式独立主格结构,如being省去,划线部分为介词式独立主格结构。
2。 He stared at the picture , and his eyes were wide open。
析:因为该并列句主语不同,所以适合于改成独立主格结构。
He stared at the picture, his eyes (being) wide open。
析:该句如being不省,划线部分为分词式独立主格结构,如being省去,划线部分为形容词式独立主格结构。
3。 When the meeting was over, we went home。
析:因为该复合句的主从句主语不同,所以适合于改成独立主格结构。
The meeting (being) over, we went home。
析:该句如being 不省,划线部分为分词式独立主格结构,如being省去,划线部分为副词式独立主格结构。
4。 If you will lead the way, we'll get there in time。
析:因为该复合句的主从句主语不同,所以适合于改成独立主格结构。
With you to lead the way, we'll get there in time。
析:因为原句为将来时,而不定式又可指将来,所以划线部分为不定式独立主格结构。
结论:独立主格结构除了分词式独立主格结构之外,还有介词、形容词、副词、不定式式独立主格结构,即带逻辑主语的介词、形容词、副词、不定式结构。
总结论:独立主格结构就是"名词 / 代词 + 分词 / 介词 / 形容词 / 副词 / 不定式"结构,它可作伴随状语、条件状语、原因状语和时间状语。
巩固性练习:
将下列各句改成独立主格结构作状语。
1。 If time permits, I'll go there。
2。 Because it was fine weather, we went swimming。
3。
As soon as the signal was given, the bus started。
key:1。 Time permitting, I 'll go there。 2。
It being fine weather, we went swimming。 3。 The signal given, the bus started。
。收起
