计算机专业英语翻译

计算机专业英语翻译Historyof

History of software engineering 软件工程发展史 When the first modern digital computers appeared in the early 1940s, the instructions to make them operate were wired into the machine。 Practitioners quickly realized that this design was not flexible and came up with the "stored program architecture" or v...全部

  History of software engineering 软件工程发展史 When the first modern digital computers appeared in the early 1940s, the instructions to make them operate were wired into the machine。
   Practitioners quickly realized that this design was not flexible and came up with the "stored program architecture" or von Neumann architecture。
   Thus the first division between "hardware" and "software" began with abstraction being used to deal with the complexity of computing。
   当第一台现代数字计算机在1940年初出现时。这个说明使他们操作是被电线连着的。操作者很快地意识到了这个设计的不灵活性并且马上想出储存程序建筑或冯诺伊曼建筑。这样第一次的划分在硬件和软件当中以抽象开始正被用在处理计算机复杂的情况 Programming languages started to appear in the 1950s and this was also another major step in abstraction。
   Major languages such as Fortran, ALGOL, and Cobol were released in the late 1950s to deal with scientific, algorithmic, and business problems respectively。
   E。W。 Dijkstra wrote his seminal paper, "Go To Statement Considered Harmful", in 1968 and David Parnas introduced the key concept of modularity and information hiding in 1972 to help programmers deal with the ever increasing complexity of software systems。
   A software system for managing the hardware called an operating system was also introduced, most notably by Unix in 1969。
   In 1967, the Simula language introduced the object-oriented programming paradigm。程序语言出现在1950年并且这也是主要的在抽象语言当中的一大主要跨步。
   主要的语言比如Fortran, ALGOL, and Cobol 在1950年末发表,各自分别被用于科学研究工作,商业,计算上了。E。W。 Dijkstra写了他的精密算法最短路径优化算法在1968年并且David Parnas 介绍这种可组合性和信息隐藏性的概念的重点在1972年为了帮助程序处理这曾经增长的软件系统的复杂性。
  一个软件系统对于处理硬件叫做一种操作系统工程被介绍。大多数显著地被介绍 Unix 在1969。在1967年the Simula 语言介绍这个面向对像程序设计例子。 These advances in software were met with more advances in computer hardware。
   In the mid 1970s, the microcomputer was introduced, making it economical for hobbyists to obtain a computer and write software for it。
   This in turn leads to the now famous Personal Computer or PC and Microsoft Windows。 The Software Development Life Cycle or SDLC was also starting to appear as a consensus for centralized construction of software in the mid 1980s。
   The late 1970s and early 1980s saw the introduction of several new Simula-inspired object-oriented programming languages, including C++, Smalltalk, and Objective C。
   Open-source software started to appear in the early 90s in the form of Linux and other software introducing the "bazaar" or decentralized style of constructing software。
   Then the Internet and World Wide Web hit in the mid 90s changing the engineering of software once again。
   Distributed Systems gained sway as a way to design systems and the Java programming language was introduced as another step in abstraction having its own virtual machine。
   Programmers collaborated and wrote the Agile Manifesto that favored more light weight processes to create cheaper and more timely software。
   The current definition of software engineering is still being debated by practitioners today as they struggle to come up with ways to produce software that is "cheaper, bigger, quicker"。
   在软件满足了这些进展，计算机硬件的更多的进步。在70年代中期，引入微机，使经济的爱好者获得计算机和为它编写的软件。这导致了现在著名的个人电脑或PC和微软Windows的转变。在软件开发生命周期或SDLC的也开始出现，作为建设的软件集中在80年代中期的共识。
   70年代末和80年代初看到了几个新的西穆拉推出启发面向对象的编程语言，包括C + +，Smalltalk和目标长 开放源码软件开始在90年代初出现在Linux和其他软件推出“集市”或分散式的软件建设的形式。
  那么互联网和万维网击中了90年代中期改变了软件工程的一次。分布式系统获得的一种方式来设计系统和Java编程语言的影响力正成为另外一种抽象拥有自己的虚拟机步实施。程序员合作，并编写了敏捷宣言的主张更轻巧的重量工艺开发出更便宜和更及时的软件。
   软件工程的定义是尚在争论，从业人员今天他们斗争的方法来生产软件，是“便宜，更大的增长，更快”。 。收起