gmat写作常见错误有什么?gm
1:无因果联系
The author commits a fallacy of causal oversimplification。 The line of the
reasoning is that because A occurred before B, the former event is responsible
for the latter。 (The author uses the positive correlation between A and B to
establish causality。 However, the fact that A coincides...全部
1:无因果联系
The author commits a fallacy of causal oversimplification。 The line of the
reasoning is that because A occurred before B, the former event is responsible
for the latter。
(The author uses the positive correlation between A and B to
establish causality。 However, the fact that A coincides with B does not
necessarily prove that A caused B。
) But this is fallacious reasoning unless
other possible causal explanations have been considered and ruled out。
For
example, perhaps C is the cause of these events or perhaps B is caused by D。
GMAT写作常见错误2:样本不足
The evidence the author provides is insufficient to support the conclusion
drawn from it。
One example is logically unsounded to establish a general
conclusion (The statistics from only a few recent years are not necessarily a
good indicator of future trends), unless it can be shown that A1 is
representative of all A。
It is possible that…。 In fact, in face of such
limited evidence, the conclusion that B is completely unwarranted。
GMAT写作常见错误3:错误类比
The argument rests on the assumption that A is analogous to B in all
respects。
This assumption is weak, since although there are points of comparison
between A and B, there is much dissimilarity as well。
For example, A…,
however, B…。 Thus, it is likely much more difficult for B to do…。
GMAT写作常见错误4:时地全等
The author commits the fallacy of “all things are equal”。
The fact that
happened two years ago is not a sound evidence to draw a conclusion that…。 The
author assumes without justification that the background conditions have
remained the same at different times or at different locations。
However, it is
not clear in this argument whether the current conditions at AA are the same as
they used to be two years ago。
Thus it is impossible to conclude that…。
GMAT写作常见错误5:二者择一
The author assumes that AA and BB are mutually exclusive alternatives and
there is no room for a middle ground。
However, the author provides no reason for
imposing an either-or choice。 Common sense tells us that adjusting both AA and
BB might produce better results。
GMAT写作常见错误6:可疑调查
The poll cited by the author is too vague to be informative。 The claim does
not indicate who conducted the poll, who responded, or when, where and how the
poll was conducted。
(Lacking information about the number of people surveyed and
the number of respondents, it is impossible to access the validity of the
results。
For example, if 200 persons were surveyed but only 2 responded, the
conclusion that…would be highly suspect。
Because the argument offers no
evidence that would rule out this kind of interpretations,) Until these
questions are answered, the results of the survey are worthless as evidence for
the conclusion。
GMAT写作常见错误7:结论无据
The author falsely depends on gratuitous assumption that…。 However, no
evidence is stated in the argument to support this assumption。
In fact, this is
not necessarily the case。 For example, it is more likely that…。 Therefore,
this argument is unwarranted without ruling out such possibility。
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