sure跟surely做副词时区别在哪里?
Sure与certain是近义词,均作“一定的,确信的”等解。两者用法相似,多数情况下可换用,但有时不能换用。其用法区别大致如下:
一、 两者可换用的情况:
1. 跟不定式,可用人或物作主语。
例如:
It is sure/certain to rain。
He is sure/certain to come。
You’re sure/certain to be happy with them。
2.跟连接代/副词引起的不定式,常用人作主语。例如:
I’m not sure/certain what to do。
He was not sure/certain when to start。
3.跟of或about引起的短语。sure后可跟of doing sth。 常用人作主语。例如:
I’m not sure/certain of that。
Are you sure/certain about it?
I’m sure of his coming。
He’s sure of winning。
注:sure to do sth。与sure of doing sth。的区别:前者表示说话者认为“主语一定…”;后者表示“主语自认为一定…”。
例如:
He is sure to succeed。 (说话者认为“他”一定会成功。
He is sure of succeeding。 (“他”自己认为一定成功)
4.跟that引起的从句,常用人作主语。
例如:
I’m sure/certain that he’ll come。
I was sure/certain (that) he had seen me。
I’m quite sure/certain I left the book on the table。
注:当sure或certain用于否定句时,其后跟whether或连接代/副词引起的从句,不跟that引起的从句。例如:
I’m not sure/certain whether I’ve met him before。
I’m not sure/certain whether he will come。
I’m not sure/certain who he is。
I was not sure/certain what I ought to do。
I’m not sure/certain why he wants it。
以上几种情况中的sure与certain虽可换用,但隐含意思不同。Sure表示主观的推测或感觉,所述事实并不一定如此;certain则指说话者有充分的理由或根据,肯定某事会发生。
如下面两句中的certain均不可用sure替换。例如:
I’m certain he wasn’t in the classroom。 I saw him in the library。
I’m certain than he will go the concert。 He told me so an hour ago。
5.与make连用构成短语,后跟从句,作“弄清楚;设法做到”解。
例如:
Make sure/certain when the train leaves。
Have you made sure/certain that the train has already left?
6.与for连用构成短语,在句中作状语。
作“确实;毫无疑问”解。例如:I don’t know for sure/certain that he’s dead。
I cannot sau for sure/certain when he will come。
二、 两者不可换用的情况:
1. 在“It is…that结构中只能用certain,不能用sure。 例如:
It is certain that he will come。
It was certain that our football team would win the game。
如是否定句,用whether,不同that。例如:
It is not certain whether he will come。
2. 在祈使句中通常用sure,不用certain。例如:
Be sure to tell me all the news。
Be sure and come as soon as possible。
Be sure you don’t upset any of them。
3.作定语时,sure作“有把握的;肯定的;可靠的”解;certain作“某个;某些”解。
例如:
Put it in a sure place。
There was only one sure way to succeed。
A certain person called on me yesterday。
Certain students have failed in the exam。
4.Sure在美语中可用作副词作肯定答语,用以代替surely,相当于certainly,of course;而certain则不能用作副词。
例如:
I wonder if I could use your phone。
Sure。 Go ahead。
Zhou Lan, can I have a look at your copy of China Daily?
Sure, go ahead。
surely是sure的副词形式。
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区别在不同领域,诚心为你解答,给个好评吧亲,谢谢了。
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