英语关于同位语从句,主语从句,还
定语从句
1。 引导词有几个?【适合于高一】【适合于高二, 高三】
一共有9个:who , whom , whose, that, which , when , where, why, as
2。 引导词的功能有哪些?【适合于高一】
⑴引导定语从句。 ⑵代替先行词在定语从句中充当一个成分。
3。 定语从句的关键是什么?【适合于高一】
判断先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分。根据充当的成分选择相应的引导词。
4。 只能用that引导定语从句有哪些情况?【适合于高一, 高二, 高三】
现行词前为all, everything, nothing, something, any...全部
定语从句
1。 引导词有几个?【适合于高一】【适合于高二, 高三】
一共有9个:who , whom , whose, that, which , when , where, why, as
2。
引导词的功能有哪些?【适合于高一】
⑴引导定语从句。 ⑵代替先行词在定语从句中充当一个成分。
3。 定语从句的关键是什么?【适合于高一】
判断先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分。根据充当的成分选择相应的引导词。
4。 只能用that引导定语从句有哪些情况?【适合于高一, 高二, 高三】
现行词前为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much等不定代词时.
先行词前有:all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few等不定代词修饰时.
先行词被叙述词修饰时.
先行词被形容词最高级修饰时.
先行词前only, just, very, last有等修饰时.
先行词是表示人和物混杂的两个名词时.
主句是以who, which,开头的疑问句或先行词是疑问代词时.
在修饰时间、地点等先行词时,只有用that代替when, where等引导词。
例:I'll never forget the Sunday (that) you first arrived。
Do you know anywhere (that) I can get a drink ?
先行词为reason, way (意为"方法")时,常用that 代替why, which, in which,
也可省略.
引导词在定语从句中作表语时,多用that引导.
先行词是主句表语时.
例:It is a dictionary that will help you a lot。
当主语以there be 开头时.
当先行词是数词时.
同一个复合句里有两个定语从句,一个用which,另一个通常用that.
ason后面用什么引导?way后面用什么引导?【适合于高一,高二,高三】 reason后面的定于从句用why引导。
way 后面定语从句用in which 或 that引导that可以省略。
6。 when引导的定语从句等于什么引导的定语从句?【适合于高二, 高三】
when引导的定语从句等于 介词+ which引导的定语从句。
7。 where 引导的定语从句等于什么引导的定语从句?【适合于高二, 高三】
where 引导的定语从句等于 介词+which引导的定语从句。
8。 one of 和 the (only) one of 引导的定语从句在主谓一致问题上应注意什么?【适合于高一, 高二, 高三】
前者引导的定于从句谓语动词用复数;后者用单数。
9。 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句有和区别?【适合于高二, 高三】
限制性定语从句是主句不可缺少的一个部分,缺少后主句意思不完整。非限制性定语从句是对主句的进一步说明,不 要从句对主句意义无多大影响;非限制性定语从句前后有逗号隔开。
而且非限制性定语从句中不能用that。
和which引导的非限制性定语从句在用法上有什么区别?【适合于高二,高三】 as和 which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句.都可以代替主句中的整个内容或某一成分.
as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以位于句首,并常和know, see, expect等词连用.意为:"正
如...".而which不能位于句首.
可以用于哪些结构中引导定语从句?【适合于高二,高三】 such。
。。 as the same。。。 as so 。。。 as。。
esame。。。as和thesame。。。that引导的定语从句如何区别?【适合于高二,高三】 the same...as 引导的定语从句指的是相同事物,强调同类.the same...that 引
导的定语从句指的是同一物.
This is the same pen as I bought yesterday。
(相同)
This is the same pen that I borrowed from Mr。 Li。 (同一物)
ch。。。as。。。和such。。。that。。。如何区分?【适合于高二,高三】 such...as ...引导的是定语从句.as必须代替先行词在其引导的从句中充当
成分.such...that...引导的从句是状语从句.that只是引导从句并不在其引
导的从句中充当成分.在选择填空练习题中,首先看从句中是否缺句子成分,
如果缺成分就要考虑是定语从句;如果不缺成分就要考虑是状语成分.
14。
whose 引导定语从句有那些注意点?【适合于高一, 高二, 高三】
whose 作定语,后面跟名词。一般有三种表示形式。 例:
This is the dictionary whose cover has come off。
= This is the dictionary the cover of which has come off。
= This is the dictionary of which the cover has come off。
宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
1。 作动词的宾语
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略),例如:
I heard that be joined the army。
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如:
1) She did not know what had happened。
2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me。
(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如:
She told me that she would accept my invitation。
2。 作介词的宾语
例如:Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another。
3。 作形容词的宾语
例如:I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake。
That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:
Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。
也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。
4。 It 可以作为形式宾语
It 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。
例如:
We heard it that she would get married next month。。
5。 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词
这类动词有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。
这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如:
I admire their winning the match。 (right)
I admire that they won the match。
(wrong)
6。 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。
例如:
He impressed the manager as an honest man。 (right)
He impressed the manager that he was an honest man。
(wrong)
7。 否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为Think, consider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。
例如:
I don’t think this dress fits you well。(我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。)
附:
表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。
可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。
例如:
1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time。
2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people
3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes。
4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus。
同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
1。 同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如:
1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people。
2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general。
2。 同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。
例如:
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off。
3。 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如:
1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year。
(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him。
(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)
主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
1。 It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。
被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film。
It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not。
It is in the morning that the murder took place。
It is John that broke the window。
2。 用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is +名词+从句
It is a fact that … 事实是…
It is an honor that …非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that …是常识
(2) it is +形容词+从句
It is natural that… 很自然…
It is strange that… 奇怪的是…
(3) it is +不及物动词+从句
It seems that… 似乎…
It happened that… 碰巧…
(4) it +过去分词+从句
It is reported that… 据报道…
It has been proved that… 已证实…
3。
主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week。
(right)
That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said。 (wrong)
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。
例如:
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination。 (right)
That he failed in the examination occurred to him。
(wrong)
(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not。
(right)
Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter。 (wrong)
(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如:
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)
Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)
4。
What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则不然。例如:
1) What you said yesterday is right。
2) That she is still alive is a consolation。
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