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AIRPOLLUTION如何解释

Likephotochemicalpollutants, idrain,aformofprecipitationthatcontainshighlevelsofsulfuricornitricacids,cancontaminatedrinkingwaterandvegetation,damageaquaticlife,anderodebuildings。 Whenaweatherconditionknownasatemperatureinversionpreventsdispersalofsmog,inhabitantsofthearea,especiallychildrenandth...全部

  Likephotochemicalpollutants, idrain,aformofprecipitationthatcontainshighlevelsofsulfuricornitricacids,cancontaminatedrinkingwaterandvegetation,damageaquaticlife,anderodebuildings。
  Whenaweatherconditionknownasatemperatureinversionpreventsdispersalofsmog,inhabitantsofthearea,especiallychildrenandtheelderlyandchronicallyill,arewarnedtostayindoorsandavoidphysicalstress。
  The dramatic and debilitating effects of severe air pollution episodes in cities throughout the world—such as the London smog of 1952 that resulted in 4,000 deaths—have alerted governments to the necessity for crisis procedures。
   But even everyday air pollution may insidiously affect health and behavior。 Indoor air pollution is a problem in developed countries, where efficient insulation keeps pollutants inside the structure。
   In less developed nations, the lack of running water and indoor sanitation can encourage respiratory infections。
   Carbon monoxide, for example, by driving oxygen out of the bloodstream, causes apathy, fatigue, headache, disorientation, and decreased muscular coordination and visual acuity。
   Air pollution may possibly harm populations in ways so subtle or slow that they have not yet been detected。
   For that reason research is now under way to assess the long-term effects of chronic exposure to low levels of air pollution—what most people experience—as well as to determine how air pollutants interact with one another in the body and with physical factors such as nutrition, stress, alcohol, cigarette smoking, and common medicines。
   Another subject of investigation is the relation of air pollution to cancer, birth defects, and genetic mutations。
   A recently discovered result of air pollution is an increasing „hole&require; in the ozone layer in the atmosphere above Antarctica, coupled with growing evidence of global ozone depletion。
   This could increase the amount of ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth, where it damages crops and plants and can lead to skin cancer。
   This depletion is caused largely by the emission of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCS) by refrigerators, air conditioners, and aerosols。
   The Montreal Protocol of 1987, which was signed by 24 industrial nations, including the United States, required that developed nations not exceed 1986 CFCS levels, with decreases scheduled to begin in 1993。
   空气杀手名单： 名 称 成 分 危 害 来 源 硫的氧化物（SOx） 二氧化硫（SO2）和三氧化硫（SO3） 腐蚀物品、损害植物、形成酸雨诱发肺气肿和支气管炎，致癌 燃烧含硫的煤和石油等燃料 氮的氧化物（NOx） 一氧化氮（NO）和二氧化氮 （NO2） 使农作物减产、造成人体呼吸道疾病 矿物燃料的燃烧、化工厂及金属冶炼厂所排放的废气、汽车尾气 煤气 一氧化碳（CO） 阻碍人体血红蛋白向体内供氧 燃料不完全燃烧、汽车尾气 光化学烟雾 参与光化学反应的物质、中间产物、和最终产物及烟尘等多种物质的浅蓝色的混合体 比原物质污染性更强。
  对人体器官明显刺激、使植物坏死。
  使橡胶、塑料老化，降低织物强度 光化学反应，即氮氧化物和碳氢化合物在太阳光的作用下，反应生成臭氧（O3）、醛类、PAN、PBN和多种自由基的过程 颗粒污染物 烟尘、粉尘、气溶胶、雾 降低能见度，遮挡阳光、影响气候、引起呼吸道疾病、致癌、引发光化学反应形成二次污染 燃料不完全燃烧的产物、采矿、冶金、建材、化工等多种工业 放射性物质 铀、灶等 致癌 燃煤 铅 四已基铅 记忆减退、血压升高、心血管系统疾病，影响儿童智商发育 含铅汽油 。收起